Transforming Humanitarian Aid: A Developmental Approach for the MENA Region

The humanitarian aid landscape in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region necessitates a paradigm shift to address the complexities of conflict and post-conflict settings effectively. A ‘developmental humanitarianism’ approach is proposed, integrating immediate relief efforts with long-term development goals to tackle the underlying drivers of instability.

MENA hosts some of the world’s most volatile conflict zones, where millions rely on international aid for survival. Notably, over 20 million people in Yemen are currently in need of humanitarian assistance due to ongoing conflict. Although traditional humanitarian aid has proven effective in saving lives, it is increasingly recognized as inadequate in addressing structural challenges such as governance failures and socio-economic inequalities. For instance, despite significant humanitarian mobilization following the defeat of ISIS in Iraq, deep sectarian rifts and weak political structures have persisted, resulting in continued instability.

Gaza exemplifies the limitations of traditional aid models. Years of Israeli blockades and recurring military conflicts have fostered a cyclical pattern of destruction and reconstruction, leading to dependency and ongoing violence. The international community acknowledges the imperative for a politically informed reconstruction strategy that addresses the root causes of the conflict. Meanwhile, countries like Lebanon and Jordan, which have absorbed millions of Syrian refugees, face extreme strains on their already fragile resources, leading to rising unemployment and housing shortages.

Developmental humanitarianism emphasizes resilience building and long-term planning, recognizing that conflicts are inherently political. Key strategies include strengthening local governance, supporting economic development, and enhancing institutional capacities. For example, the Global Concessional Financing Facility (GCFF)—established in 2016—provides low-interest loans to Lebanon and Jordan, facilitating investments in infrastructure and social services crucial for accommodating refugee populations.

Additional innovative financing mechanisms such as blended finance and social impact bonds (SIBs) offer pathways to mobilize both public and private resources for development projects. Moreover, diaspora bonds can tap into the financial resources of diaspora communities, fostering investment in infrastructure and social services in their home countries.

A critical need for enhanced coordination among donors and humanitarian organizations also emerges to prevent resource duplication and improve aid effectiveness. This strategic approach is vital for moving beyond traditional models of humanitarian assistance, seeking to bridge short-term responses with long-term developmental objectives. By addressing the political and economic factors driving instability, the international community can contribute to building a more resilient and stable MENA region.

Source: Policy Center for the New South